Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Europol: Bitcoin May Become Sole Currency for EU Cybercriminals

Europol has said in a new report that it believes bitcoin could become the go-to currency for digital criminals in the region.

The European Union's top law enforcement agency released its Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment for 2015 on 30th September, outlining its view of the top cybercrime threats facing the European Union.

The report focuses on the topic of bitcoin and digital currencies in a number of contexts, including the state of criminal financing and specific elements of illicit activity involving the technology.

Europol said that, according to its data, bitcoin accounts for as much as 40% of criminal-to-criminal payments online, with PayPal accounting for 25% of those reported. The figures build on previous statements from the agency regarding cryptocurrencies as a key factor in the development of the so-called "crime-as-a-service" ecosystem.

The agency noted in its new report:

"Although there is no single common currency used by cybercriminals across the EU, it is apparent that bitcoin may gradually be taking on that role. Bitcoin features as a common payment mechanism across almost all payment scenarios, a trend which can only be expected to increase."

OpenBazaar seen as threat

The report includes a section on the progression of law enforcement activities surrounding dark marketplaces, noting developments in the ecosystem since Operation Onymous, a November 2014 operation that resulted in the shuttering of Silk Road 2.0 and a number of other illicit sites.

Europol, pointing to that effort as "a message" to cybercriminals, acknowledged in the report that "hidden services continue to grow, multiply and evolve" despite the crackdowns.

As part of a look at future threats regarding dark markets, Europol identified OpenBazaar as an area of concern for law enforcement officials due to its peer-to-peer nature.

"As the 'market' is peer-to-peer, there would be no website or server to be targeted by investigating law enforcement and intervention is a considerable challenge, mirroring the issues law enforcement currently has with investigations involving bitcoin," the report noted, adding:

"Payments on the OpenBazaar use a multi-signature approach involving a third-party ‘notary’ to control the release of funds. This means that there is no possibility of performing an exit scam with customers’ and vendors’ funds."

The report recommended that law enforcement officials work “to pursue investigative and research opportunities related to emerging technologies such as decentralised marketplaces like OpenBazaar” in conjunction with the private sector and applicable academic sources.

Regulatory effectiveness questioned

The report's authors cast doubt on the effectiveness of regulation being developed by both EU-level bodies as well as countries within the region.

The Europol report stated:

"Any regulation of cryptocurrencies would likely only be applicable and enforceable when applied to identifiable users such as those providing exchange services. The inability to attribute transactions to end users makes it difficult to imagine how any regulation could be enforced for everyday users."

It further added that "it is clear that cybercriminals will continue to use whichever payment mechanism is convenient, familiar or perceived to be safe, including those that are already regulated and maintain anti-money laundering controls".

Europol went on to encourage broader cooperation between law enforcement agencies on digital currencies, and further suggested that agencies "monitor the alternate payment community" for further intelligence into payment mechanisms.

The full 2015 Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment can be found below:

2015 Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment

Image via Shutterstock

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Russian Payments Firm Qiwi Seeks 'Bitruble' Trademark

A Russian payments firm is pushing ahead with a plan to release its own cryptocurrency, reportedly submitting an application to register a trademark for the initiative.

According to Russian news agency Interfax, Qiwi, which made waves earlier this month by declaring its intention to launch its own cryptocurrency, is seeking to trademark the term "Bitruble". An application has been sent to the Federal Service for Intellectual Property.

The filing follows the company's move to acquire domain name space related to the term "bitruble", as reported by Kommersant earlier this month. Qiwi has also indicated that the cryptocurrency could be backed by some form of commodity.

The proposal drew attention given Russia's still uncertain stance on bitcoin and digital currencies.

Shortly after the payments firm disclosed its plans, Russian government officials denounced the concept as "illegal". More recently, the country's Ministry of Finance has moved to endorse criminal penalties for activities connected with "money substitutes" such as bitcoin.

A bill that would prohibit money substitutes remains under consideration.

The developments further follow statements earlier this summer from Russian President Vladimir Putin, who entered the country's ongoing debate about digital currencies by stating during a television appearance that "there are serious, really fundamental issues related to its wider use, at least, today."

Image via Shutterstock

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Boost VC Investment in Blockchain Startups Tops $50 Million

Boost VC has released new figures about its investments in startups focusing on bitcoin and the blockchain.

The San Mateo incubator, which has pledged to invest in 100 industry startups through 2017, revealed in a Medium post this week that it has invested in 52 bitcoin and blockchain companies since its founding in 2012.

According to figures provided to Bitcoin News by Boost, bitcoin and blockchain startups have so far raised $52 million, compared to the $86 million across companies in all of its target sectors.

The figures suggest bitcoin and blockchain startups have so far captured 60% of the accelerator's total investments, with the average startup having raised $961,538.

The new data comes during a bid by Boost VC to attract a new class of startups to its program, and follows a shift in the incubator's emphasis to focus on virtual reality firms. Based on figures it has released, Boost's Tribe 6 includes just five bitcoin startups, compared to the 21 featured in its last 24-firm fund.

Boost VC CEO Adam Draper has recently been critical of developments in the industry, suggesting that early-stage industry startups may be suffering from a lack of vision, writing in a post earlier this year:

"We are looking for crazy ideas, we are looking for big ideas from fearless founders, we are looking to push the evolution of the next stage of bitcoin and the blockchain."

Ideas image via Shutterstock

Adam DraperBoost VCStartups

SEB: Blockchain Could Make Banks 'Radically More Efficient'

Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken (SEB), a Stockholm-based financial services firm with 1.7bn SEK ($202m) in assets under management, announced yesterday that it was among 13 major banks that had joined the top-secret work underway at R3CEV.

Since R3 unveiled its mission this summer, the distributed ledger tech startup has so far signed on 22 banking partners to the project, all of whom are now participating in its bid to create a blockchain-based "Global Fabric for Finance" for banks.

Though public details about the project are relatively scarce, Rasmus Järborg, head of strategy at SEB, said that the bank saw the partnership as a way to further its ongoing research into blockchain technology, which it contends began in 2010 and intensified as the price of bitcoin spiked in late 2013.

Järborg identified payments, trading markets and securities settlements as the use cases SEB is most interested in exploring as a result of the partnership, telling Bitcoin News:

"As a leading corporate and institutional bank, the business-facing applications are immediately of more interest to us. However, we are a universal bank in Sweden and the Baltic countries and as it is quite early to predict which part of our business will be impacted first. We are looking at both [consumer and business applications] at the moment."

According to its 2014 fiscal report, SEB's most successful product lines are in merchant banking, retail banking and wealth management, with the majority of its more than 1.5 million customers identifying as private individuals.

Järborg went on to suggest it is looking for R3 to "create an environment for rapid prototyping and testing" around the technology so it can yield solutions for its client base.

"We believe these technologies will impact our business by making a number of our processes radically more efficient and less costly for our customers," he added.

SEB has its roots in one of Sweden's first private banks, Stockholms Enskilda Bank, which would later merge with Skandinaviska Banken in 1972. Earlier this summer, the bank was notably involved in a controversy surrounding the sale of funds to retail investors.

Evaluating opportunity

In statements, Järborg provided insight into work at R3, suggesting the banks involved "regularly collaborate", and that they are sharing innovations and insights as a result of the deal.

Järborg also spoke highly of R3 and its facilitation of these processes.

"R3 has a very competent team with the right mix of experience, blending banking and markets with technology," he added.

SEB was also keen to highlight its status as one of the first banks in its region to announce a more concentrated effort in this sector of the FinTech space, while noting that the "level of interest" among its peers in Europe is high.

Järborg concluded by painting Europe as a market where conditions are ripe for an early stage technology, such as the blockchain, to be more widely adopted, concluding:

"The Nordic market is tech savvy and electronic and mobile banking is extremely well-spread. This makes our consumers more prone to adopt new technologies and our entrepreneurs to start businesses in that space."

Image credit: Vytautas Kielaitis / Shutterstock.com

BankingEuropeR3CEVSweden

Consensus 2015 Livestream Now Available

3,000 tweets, 600 attendees and 50 speakers later, Bitcoin News's inaugural conference Consensus 2015 wrapped on 10th September.

The one-day event drew together top minds in the fields of finance, charity, investment and law enforcement to discuss how blockchain technology might impact very real problems faced around the world today.

It featured a diverse line up of speakers from Digital Asset Holdings CEO Blythe Masters to Internet security pioneer Christopher Allen and Assistant US Attorney Kathryn Haun.

For those who missed out on the jam-packed day, you can watch the event in full below. Keep an eye out for the session videos, which will be coming soon.

Catch all the highlights from the event below. Read our roundups of the event here and here.

Bitcoin News EventsConsensus 2015

Global Bitcoin Film Competition Calls for Submissions

Bitfilm, the international bitcoin and blockchain-themed film festival, has released its call for entries today.

Founded in 2000, Bitfilm previously showcased films using digital technology creatively. Having experimented with bitcoin as prize money in 2011, it rebranded as bitcoin-only last year.

Managing director Aaron Koenig told Bitcoin News the event aims to expand the reach of the technology beyond the usual crowd:

"We want to reach a broad audience: people who are interested in bitcoin and want to know more about it, but who would not attend a bitcoin meetup or conference, as it seems too geeky for them."

Kicking off in Berlin on 6th November, its finalists will be screened at different bitcoin hubs across the globe including San Francisco, Mexico, Budapest and Amsterdam. Winners in its two categories – best feature film and best short film – will be announced at Mexico City's LaBitConf on 5th December.

At the festival, bitcoin will be both prize money and a voting tool. Each film will have its own bitcoin address, with viewers donating to the submission they like best. The film with the most amount of funds when voting closes on December 4th will be the winner.

Could this leave the festival open to abuse, with filmmakers effectively paying their way to the prize? Sure, Koenig said. "A film maker who motivates all his fans to donate for his film has better chances to win, but every filmmaker has that same chance, so I don't see it as problematic," he added.

Bitcoin on film

In the seven years since its inception, a flurry of filmmakers have taken up bitcoin's story. The biggest release so far, Tribeca-listed documentary The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin, hit number one on the iTunes download chart following its debut last October.

On the more salacious end of the spectrum, ex-DEA agent Carl Force (now awaiting sentencing on charges of money laundering and fraud) was said to have signed a deal with 20th Century Fox worth $240,000 for the inside scoop on Silk Road.

According to The Hollywood Reporter, the demise of Mark Karpeles – CEO of failed bitcoin exchange Mt Gox – is also being shopped around Hollywood by Creative Artists Agency.

Besides documentaries, Koenig himself is hoping to gather investment for a bitcoin-themed thriller via his other business, Bitfilm Production. Entitled Satoshi's Last Will, the feature-length film follows a detective as she sniffs out the bitcoin creator's murderous heir.

Popcorn image via Shutterstock

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Dutch Bank’s Innovation Chief Dismisses Bitcoin

The head of innovation at ABN Amro has said the Dutch state-owned bank wants to stay away from bitcoin, but is interested in blockchain technology.

According to a report, Arjan van Os, the head of the bank's innovation centre, cited the bitcoin's associations with drug trafficking and illicit activities as the reason behind the bank's decision to distance itself from the digital currency.

He said:

"We want to prevent bitcoin's poor image reflecting on what we do with the blockchain, it's underlying technology. We see many opportunities [in the blockchain]. Bitcoin itself is outmoded."

His comments follow an article, titled 'The Next Big Thing' and published on the bank's website in which he explained the basic principles of distributed ledgers and posed the question of how banks could remain at the forefront of innovation.

"[Blockchain technology] has been tested, it is proven that it works and is used. However, the degree to which it is applied is still limited ... This is the time when we need to gather as much information as possible, should try all possibilities and should form networks of financial institutions, FinTech companies, start-ups and software experts ... We must be prepared to assume a new role in the financial sector. The digital world is indeed constantly in motion," he wrote.

Blockchain trend

Van Os' comments come amid an increasing interest in blockchain technology from some of the world's biggest banks and financial institutions.

Just yesterday, distributed ledger startup R3CEV announced the addition of 13 new banking partners – including Bank of America, BNY Mellon, Citi and HSBC – bringing the total number of banks involved in its project to 22.

Further afield, the chairman of the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) recently addressed blockchain's potential to transform the financial system during a speech made at Australia's Carnegie Mellon University.

Earlier this year, Nasdaq OMX Group Inc made the headlines as reports suggested it was exploring how a blockchain-based solution could change the way in which shares are sold and transferred manually.

Image via Wikipedia.

BankingBlockchain Technology

Tuesday, September 29, 2015

Rogue FBI Agent Searching for Lost Bitcoin, Silk Road Advisor Alleges

Chinese Auto Giant Wanxiang Plans $50 Million Blockchain Fund

Chinese conglomerate Wanxiang Group, best known as one of the nation's largest auto parts manufacturers, is investing in blockchain technology through two new initiatives.

First hinted at in a blog post by Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin, Chao Deng, managing director at Wanxiang-owned subsidiary DataYes, confirmed that the company had completed a purchase of 416,000 ETH, the native token on the Ethereum blockchain, in an total investment of $500,000.

The investment, however, is just the first step in a multi-pronged plan that includes establishing two entities dedicated to promoting blockchain technologies. The first, a non-profit called Blockchain Labs, was co-founded by Buterin, BitShares co-founder Bo Shen and Feng Xiao, vice chairman and executive director of Wanxiang Holdings, the company's investment arm.

The Blockchain Labs launch is to be followed by the creation of a $50m venture capital fund that will invest broadly in applications for blockchain technology and for which Wanxiang will be the sole limited partner (LP).

In interview, Chao noted that Wanxiang now has roughly 10 subsidiaries in financial sectors including insurance, banking, futures and asset management, and that the investments provide it with the ability to look for ways to apply blockchain technologies to its business lines.

Chao told Bitcoin News:

"About two years ago, we saw the rise of blockchain technologies, and we started research and we were very optimistic about their prospects. We know that blockchain tech has a wide range of applications. We don't have any specific goals set yet, but we see opportunities."

Chao confirmed that, despite interpretations of announcements from the Ethereum project, the $50m fund will seek to support "all crypto 2.0 projects", a comment echoed by Shen.

"We maintain an open, transparent and equal spirit. Ethereum is definitely the leading project of crypto 2.0 on decentralized applications at the moment. We would not only say Wanxiang will be the only LP in the fund, neither is Ethereum the only project that will be funded," Shen said.

The legal structure for both entities, according to Chao, is currently being established.

Blockchain Labs

According to Shen, Blockchain Labs will promote education about blockchain technologies and invest in research and experiments in the field. The venture is in the process of being registered as a Chinese entity.

As part of the program, Wanxiang will donate $3m, or $1m over the next three years, to fund the project. Half of the funds for the first year, Shen said, were used to purchase Ether.

"[Blockchain Labs] will promote and give out ETH to community for non-profit purposes such as rewarding for projects that promote education," he said.

The name of the $50m fund once legally established may be called Fenbushi, according to Shen, which stands for "distributed " in Chinese.

While Chinese in name, Shen said Blockchain Labs is seeking to denominate one-third of its investments Chinese yuan, with the remaining funds being dispersed in US dollars.

Unveiling event

As part of its promotional efforts, Wanxiang is also backing a conference to be held in Shanghai on 15th and 16th October.

Called the 2015 Global Blockchain Summit, the conference will feature guests from Deloitte, Huarui Bank and Shanghai Steel Union, among other institutions. Representatives from the wider bitcoin and blockchain community include Circle VP of trading Joshua Lim, Koinify CEO Tom Ding and Tether CTO Craig Sellars.

Topics will include the use of blockchain technologies in payments, securities trading, digital asset management and global supply chains, which will be discussed in talks and in closed-door sessions.

"The problem here in China and in many other areas is that many professionals from conventional business don't understand much about blockchain," Chao said, adding:

"We hope to provide an opportunity for them to get to know the tech better."

Hangzhou image via Shutterstock

Blockchain TechnologyChinaCrypto 2.0Ethereum

Citi, HSBC Partner With R3CEV As Blockchain Project Adds 13 Banks

DigitalBTC Bows Out of Bitcoin Mining Race

Blockchain-Based Digital Cash Platform Raises $1.2 Million

Safe Cash Payment Technologies, a blockchain-based digital cash platform that will enable consumers to purchase digital tokens in exchange for cash, has raised $1.2m in seed funding.

The San Francisco-based company procured funding from investors including InfoSpace founder Naveen Jain, who said the platform was "on to a very disruptive idea".

Speaking to Bitcoin News about the platform, which uses a litecoin-compatible private blockchain and is expected to launch early next year – Chris Kitze, the firm's CEO, said:

"Our platform is a permission-based blockchain that's licensed to and controlled by banks. We are not a technology service provider for banks and we don't handle any money – that's up to our bank partners, licensed money businesses and licensed exchanges."

Collateralised tokens

The digital tokens, Kitze said, are 100% collateralised. "This means each token that represents $1.00 has exactly $1.00 stored in a bank."

He continued:

"For digital currencies that have fiat interchange, they [the digital tokens] have to be created and operated by a bank for legal reasons. It's also possible to create tokens for loyalty or private currencies, and we have been testing this with a company based in Iceland for the past six months."

When asked about how the transactions would be processed at the point of sale, Kitze said that just like bitcoin, each party would have a secure wallet and the transaction would be recorded on the blockchain.

The recipient, he added, would receive a confirmation in his or her wallet in less than 10 seconds and would then be able to re-send these tokens.

Reducing friction

Kitze believes there is demand for such an offering as there is currently too much friction in small transactions, noting the US banking system's inefficiencies.

There is currently no simple and fast way, Kitze claimed, to send small amounts of cash electronically across borders and between different systems with final settlement in less than 10 seconds.

He continued:

"That's really what we are targeting – removing the pain and friction from these kind of transactions for consumers and merchants. We think this will open a lot of things that are not possible today."

Although Kitze declined to reveal the platform's banking partners, adding that these would be disclosed later this year, he claims the platform's focus on the mainstream banking world is what makes it unique.

Ripple and Hyperledger – the latter was acquired by Blythe Masters' firm earlier this summer – he added, could be seen as Safe Cash's main competitors, but Safe Cash, he said, attempts to take things further.

"While these companies have done a good job to get the technology to where it is today and create awareness, things are about to move from the pioneer to the settler phase," he concluded.

Dollar image via Shutterstock.

Funding

Mexico's Payment Restrictions Now Cover Bitcoin

The ‘eBay of Latin America’ Announces Bitcoin Plans

MercadoLibre, Latin America's answer to eBay, has announced it is integrating bitcoin into its payments platform, MercadoPago.

In an email to users, the marketplace said the initiative would keep its merchants "one foot in the future".

The region has been tipped as a hotbed for bitcoin as users seek alternatives to their local currency, and easier ways to pay online. However, startups still have various hurdles to overcome.

It's not yet clear when the roll out will occur, nor which of MercadoLibre's 13 countries will be supported.

According to the company, the integration will be subtle – merchants will only know they have been paid in the digital currency via a note in their transaction history.

Like any other transaction, they will be able to cash out from MercadoPago in the payment method of their choice.

eBay links

Founded in 1999, MercadoLibre is the largest e-commerce platform in the region – last year, it exceeded 120 million users, reporting revenues of $556.5m.

The company was first linked to bitcoin when its former R&D director, Rodrigo Benzaquen, joined the board of Uruguayan bitcoin startup Moneero last September.

Aptly, eBay is the firm's biggest investor, owning over 18% the company's total public stock following a deal in 2001.

eBay CEO John Donahoe has repeatedly hinted at the company's interest in bitcoin over the past two years, though it is yet to take action.

Ebay's former subsidiary, PayPal, began trialling the currency through its Payments Hub last year.

Shopping image via Shutterstock

eBayLatin AmericaMerchantsMoneeroPayPal

Monday, September 28, 2015

Ethereum Creator Discloses $9 Million Funding Shortfall

Imperial College London Opens Cryptocurrency Research Center

Kickstarter Launched for Piggy Bank that Lets Kids Save in Bitcoin

A team of creative technologists based in Denmark have launched a Kickstarter campaign for a digital piggy bank and app that enable children to save in bitcoin.

The Ernit app is connected to an interactive physical piggy bank that uses light to show children how close they are to reaching their saving goals.

According to Thomas Bjerring, founder and partner at Ernit, the idea first emerged approximately three years ago, when members of the team – most of whom are parents – began to discuss the idea of giving their children digital pocket money.

Bitcoin, Bjerring said, seemed like an obvious option, adding:

"We believe bitcoin and the concept of decentralised currencies is an important part of the future, when it comes to money and means of exchange. Bitcoin was an obvious choice when we decided what should be available for our users."

Funding and monetisation

The team – which says it received a $15,000 grant from a Danish innovation fund and has attracted approximately $75,000 from investors to date – is currently running a Kickstarter campaign to raise an additional $80,000.

Bjerring told Bitcoin News that, if obtained, the funds would be used for ongoing development; including the addition of new features, further beta testing and producing Ernit units in additional colours.

With regards to monetisation, Bjerring said the app and the service will be free for consumers. The piggy bank, however, will be sold for a fee.

How it works

Screen Shot 2015-09-28 at 16.04.25

“Contributions from parents are done through the app, where each family member is connected to the kid that saves money. Ways of transferring from patrons outside the family account depends on the account setup,” explained Bjerring.

To start using the system, the adult is first required to set up an Ernit app account. Users are then able to link up an Ernit wallet, a bitcoin wallet or a bank account.

The parent is then able to add their children – and any other family members willing to contribute funds – to the family’s account.

Once funds are sent to the child’s Ernit account, he or she will receive an alert on the piggy bank, which will prompt the child to claim the funds by pressing its snout.

Now in possession of the funds, the child is able to distribute and track the money according to their individual saving goals.

With Bitcoin's Price Down, VCs Turning to Blockchain Technology

The rising interest in use cases for bitcoin's underlying distributed ledger, the blockchain, is influencing the investment strategies of venture capitalists, new interviews indicate.

Speaking to Bitcoin News, some of the ecosystem's most frequent and most vocal investors are suggesting they are now working more closely with banks and putting an increased emphasis on projects that use the bitcoin blockchain or alternative distributed ledgers as a payments rail or distributed database.

For example, Bart Stephens, managing partner at Blockchain Capital, which recently rebranded its firm from Crypto Currency Partners, suggested the industry has "evolved" as awareness of the blockchain's use cases become more widely analyzed and understood.

Stephens told Bitcoin News:

"There's been a realization that [the blockchain is] an incredible tech layer, but the conversation doesn't end there, you're seeing the conversation broaden out of financial services, how can it be leveraged for identity management, smart contracts and international trade."

Others like Aleph Venture Capital partner Eden Shochat, whose investments include blockchain technology firm Colu, expressed more interest in distributed ledger applications, a part of the industry where new startups such as Blockstack, Eris and Multichain are now seeking to separate from a widening pack that lacks clear leaders.

"With bitcoin, we are less intrigued by quick in and outs of the bitcoin system, such as payment processing or remittance using bitcoin as a currency as an intermediate step," Shochat said. "That's generally optimizing transaction costs, but there are bigger opportunities, such as replacing inter-company supply chains via bitcoin payments."

Cross Pacific Capital's (CPC) Marc van der Chijs was more direct in his assessment of his firm's interest in the industry. "We look more at blockchain startups, and not pure bitcoin payment companies like wallets and exchanges," he said.

Van der Chijs suggested CPC is now focused on applications for the technology in international money transfer and for distributed databases. Still, not every investor agrees that these are the immediate opportunities.

For example, Jeremy Liew, partner at Lightspeed Venture Partners, told Bitcoin News he believes its use as a store of value is still the most compelling in the short term.

Wall Street interest

Elsewhere, Stephens spoke to the general increase in interest of major banks in the technology, reporting he has briefed the board of directors at roughly 15 major banks.

"Two years ago banks were focused on bitcoin and were scared as to what that meant, they saw it as dangerous and were scared of how banks would work with bitcoin businesses," he said. "Fast forward a couple of years, we've seen banks increasingly focus on blockchain."

Stephens said he has been spending more time introducing Blockchain Capital's portfolio companies to major banks. Blockchain Capital has so far made 20 investments in the industry, participating in funding rounds for major players including Blockstream, Chain, Circle and Xapo. He continued:

"[Banks] have blockchain task forces, and they say we want to learn more about blockchain tech. Based on their answers, we play a match-making service."

Given the recent interest from major banks in bitcoin and the blockchain, many investors also believe financial entities will soon start looking to acquire industry firms.

"I believe banks can’t innovate and, once they realize this, they will start buying bitcoin and blockchain startups," van der Chijs said, adding that some will be bought for their intellectual property, while others for experienced teams.

"That will be the first wave of bitcoin exits," he said, though he noted this was not likely to occur within the next four to five years.

Shochat was less convinced banks won't be able to innovate, suggesting he believes they can leverage their current knowledge to help startups solve problems in their value chain.

"There are so many opportunities, anywhere from clearing and vaults to bank-sponsored wallets and replacing SWIFT," he continued. "This isn’t the same role as venture investors, but banks can significantly direct ventures toward the right use cases."

Stephens further suggested he believes financial institutions are "moving slowly" and at this point, are just "information gathering" when it comes to the technology.

Liew, an investor in firms including Blockchain, BTCC (formerly BTC China) and Ripple Labs, was more dismissive of the role banks would play in any larger technology transition, suggesting these groups are not likely to replace the role of VCs in the ecosystem.

Deal volumes

Despite a decline in bitcoin and blockchain VC investments in Q3, most investors surveyed reported this was unlikely a result of any waning interest in the industry.

Shochat, for instance, said Aleph typically only invests in 3% of the companies it sees across all sectors, and it is actively looking for deals with bitcoin startups. Van der Chijs echoed this observation, noting that CPC is transitioning from an early-stage to growth firm, and is now focused on late-stage investments.

Further, he suggested industry observers put the activity of VC firms in context of their overall deal flow. "Four investments may not seem like a lot of investments, but given that we only do about five investments per year out of over 300 companies that we look at, it’s actually quite substantial for us," he explained.

Of those surveyed, most reported they don't believe there's any significant funding crunch facing the industry. Despite the lack of major Series B and Series C rounds, Stephens attributed this to trends in the overall VC space, where seed funding is easier to obtain.

"In general in technology, you see a lot of seed-stage companies, but once you have that, it's challenging to get to a Series A or Series B," Stephens said. "Bitcoin is somewhat out of favor. In the last 15 to 16 months, the price of bitcoin has dropped 65-75%."

Stephens expressed his belief that savvy investors would continue to measure the ecosystem by factors wallet growth and GitHub participation, but suggested these factors are of less interest to the wider venture industry.

"The average VC is very focused on the price of bitcoin," he said, a remark echoed by Liew who said the "flatness" of bitcoin's price has created a decline in investor interest.

Businessman visualization via Shutterstock

Blockchain TechnologyInvestorsVenture Capital

Friday, September 25, 2015

Russian Ministry Proposes Correctional Labor Penalty for Bitcoin Crimes

Russia's Ministry of Finance has developed a new version of its proposed law that would seek to both outlaw and apply criminal penalties for activities involving digital currencies, according to a report by Russian news source Interfax.

Citing sources from within the Russian government, Interfax reports that acquiring, selling and distributing cryptocurrencies would be punishable with fines of 300,000 rubles ($4,574) or through up to 360 hours of correctional labor under the new bill.

Should such infractions be committed by an agency or group, the fines for such activities would increase to 500,000 rubles ($7,623).

The federal executive body responsible for government policy and regulation, the Ministry of Finance has been seeking to ban cryptocurrencies domestically since it introduced a draft bill in August of 2014. The measure was followed by a series of proposed fines in October, and comes amid a broader push to fight against capital flight.

Interfax reported earlier this week that the Ministry of Finance had once again started talks on the subject matter of regulating the use of "money substitutes", a definition under which bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies could fall.

At the meeting, the news source suggested it was proposed the government also be given the authority to block websites involved in digital currency activities without first proving that they took place via trial.

The talks coincide with a larger debate within the Russian government regarding which agency has the ultimate authority over digital currency activities, as the Bank of Russia, the country's central bank, is also studying the technology.

Of note is that groups such as the Russian Ministry of Interior have previously voiced willingness to defer to the Bank of Russia for ultimate decision-making.

The report suggested another meeting is set to take place on 5th October, at which point the Ministry of Finance would decide how to move forward on the measure and whether a draft bill would be submitted to the government.

Handcuffs image via Shutterstock

Bank of RussiaRegulationRussia

Bitcoin in the Headlines: 21 Inc Sparks Media Doubt

Bitcoin in the Headlines is a weekly analysis of bitcoin media coverage and its impact.

man, newspaper, shock

Following months of silence, one of bitcoin's best-funded startups sparked a frenzy of reporting after it revealed its first consumer product, to debut in November.

21 Inc, which has raised $121m to date across multiple, undisclosed funding rounds, revealed in an exclusive with The Wall Street Journal on Monday that it would be launching its bitcoin computer for developers.

Elsewhere, the topic of regulation weaved itself into coverage again this week after Circle Internet Financial said it had been granted the industry's first BitLicense.

Less positive news came from Australia, where bitcoin companies and traders complained of the bank's perceived crackdown on firms or individuals involved in activities with the digital currency.

'21 grams'

21 co,

FT Alphaville's Izabella Kaminska, notoriously skeptical about the inherent economics of the bitcoin network and industry practices, was among the highest-profile writers to comment on 21 Inc's bitcoin computer.

Kaminska's latest piece, entitled "21 grams of digital coke", began:

"In movie parlance, 21 grammes is said to be the weight of the soul ... Keep this in mind as we explore 21 Inc's big product reveal this week – a $399.99 Raspberry Pi that’s also a "bitcoin computer" – which, according to endorsements from Larry Summers (he of secular stagnation fame), Marc Andreessen and others, could be as big as the internet if not a solution to world peace."

21's device, Kaminska added, allegedly lets users mine bitcoin in the background, while they engage in regular computing practices.

"Yet the sum of bitcoins earned is so small that 21 doesn't even pretend that you can cover the original upfront cost of the device, let alone make a profit. You're paying for the right to waste electricity servicing the bitcoin network in return for a bitcoin shaving that earns you some sort of 'node' stake in the system," added the journalist.

Kaminska then cited Vitalik Buterin, inventor of the blockchain-based decentralized application platform Ethereum, who she said had analyzed the product's capabilities, noting:

"So you're paying $399 upfront and getting $0.105 per day or $38.3 per year, and this is before taking into account network difficulty increases, the upcoming block halving (yay, your profit goes down to $0.03 per day!) and, of course, the near-100% likelihood that you won’t be able to keep that device on absolutely all of the time. I seriously hope they have multiple mining chips inside of their device and forgot to mention it; otherwise you can outcompete this offering pretty easily by just preloading a raspberry pi with $200 of your favourite cryptotokens."

The journalist the adds that readers can find out more about "how the 21 device is fundamentally loss making on 21.co (yes, a Colombian domain)".

A killer app

Writing for the The Wall Street Journal, Paul Vigna cited Andreessen Horowitz co-founder Ben Horowitz in his coverage, which focused on presenting the views of both the company and its investors on the announcement.

The piece noted how the product seeks to enable machine-to-machine payments, which at scale could potentially make it easier for consumers to interface with bitcoin products while also serving an important role in connecting more devices to the Internet of Things.

Horowitz, Vigna said, reflected on the company's potential revenue strategies and how the devices could transform how Netflix or media companies monetize, adding:

"If I could read stuff on the web for a small amount of money, and didn't have to open myself up for repeated charging or subscriptions I didn't want? That's a relatively straightforward application if you have machine-to-machine payments."

Vigna then continued to note that although bitcoin had risen to fame as an alternative currency, it's underlying distributed ledger technology has been gaining attention "for its potential to modernise the financial system."

Bitcoin crackdown

Australia flag

Australian banks' alleged run-in with bitcoin businesses and traders dominated much of the news flow this week outside of the US.

The news was first reported on by The Australian Financial Review, with Paul Smith writing

"Australia's biggest banks are threatening to hobble the hopes of emerging local bitcoin companies, by suddenly withdrawing banking services from their potential future rivals. Banks have sent letters to founders of Australian bitcoin exchanges, including Bit Trade and Buyabitcoin, informing them their accounts will be closed, without further explanation."

Bitcoin News reached out to Ronald Tucker, chairman at the Australian Digital Currency & Commerce Association (ADCCA) and managing director at Bit Trade, and although he declined to divulge specifics he said: "To the best of our knowledge all, or nearly all digital currency business have received letters from their bank, or in many cases banks, advising of the closure of their accounts. This includes at least 17, with 13 of these closed permanently."

Tucker added: "Our members have been unable to obtain any formal clarification on the reasons for closure, except for references to policy or risk. Just what policies or risks these are have not been specified."

Smith's initial report about bank closures was followed by a subsequent piece in which the journalist reported on the possibility that the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) was looking to investigate the banks' behaviour.

"The competition watchdog is considering an inquiry into the actions of Australian banks for shutting down accounts of local operators, after being contacted by Queensland Nationals Senator Matthew Canavan," began Smith.

Bitcoin News reached out to a spokesperson from the ACCC, who said they had no further comment at this stage.

The first BitLicense

bitlicense, circle

Writing for American Banker, Tanaya Macheel, started off by noting that Circle Internet Financial had become the first company in the crypto space to receive a BitLicense from the New York State Department of Financial Services.

Macheel continued:

"The announcement Tuesday comes amid an outbreak of worry from virtual currency startups in the young industry that has led many of them to pull their services from customers in the Empire State."

Indeed, the looming BitLicense application deadline saw various companies in the space decide to stop serving New York-based customers, with many citing application costs as the decisive factor behind their decision.

The New York Business Journal also covered the news, with reporter Michael del Castillo reflecting on the BitLicense's origins:

"Two years after New York initiated its research into bitcoin, the state on Wednesday awarded the first 'BitLicense' officially allowing the recipient participate in the business of crypto-money-transmission."

The very same day, del Castillo added, Circle announced it also began accepting US dollars, thus marking a second milestone.

"It's the first company to have both a traditional state money-transmission license and a cryptocurrency BitLicense," he noted.

Shocked man with newspaper via Shutterstock

21 IncAustraliaBitcoin in the HeadlinesBitLicenseCircleRegulation

Bitcoin ATM Industry: A Look At The Numbers

Mike Tyson made headlines earlier today after he unveiled his first branded bitcoin ATM in Las Vegas.

Although he is just the latest celebrity to speak out in favour of the digital currency, the ex-heavyweight champion of the world's decision to lend his image to a bitcoin hardware ATM first sent shockwaves across the crypto world when it was announced in July.

Celebrity endorsements aside, what do we know about the general state of the bitcoin ATM industry? Are the number of machines being installed in decline? Which country hosts the most number of machines? Bitcoin News has looked at CoinATMRadar data in an attempt to decipher industry trends.

Bitcoin image via Shutterstock.

Bitcoin ATMsData AnalysisGeneral Bytes

Fraud Allegations Haunt Former CEO of HashingSpace

 

logoHashingSpace, a US-based bitcoin mining firm, is facing an uncertain future following the resignation of key executives amid allegations of fraud tied to a past business venture.

The company was previously led by Timothy Roberts, a serial entrepreneur whose history dates back to the late 1990s. His first company, Savvis, was an early entrant in the managed hosting market and counted Apple among its early customers. In 2011, Savvis was sold to telecom giant CenturyLink for a reported $2.5bn.

Subsequent ventures would prove to be more troubled, eliciting federal scrutiny on two separate occasions.

Among those early businesses was Intira, a web services business launched in 1998 that drew attention for the hundreds of millions of dollars it raised from investors over a three-year period. The firm filed for bankruptcy in July 2001.

This was followed by Broadband Investment Group, a venture capital firm founded in 1999. The firm filed for bankruptcy in 2001, according to the St. Louis Business Journal.

In 2002, Roberts founded Infinium Labs, a video game hardware and software venture that became infamous in gaming circles for its failure to deliver its promised Phantom console and content streaming service. The firm later released a line of wireless keyboards.

In 2006, the US Securities and Exchange Commission filed suit against Roberts, who served as Infinium's CEO, over alleged stock promotion fraud and unreported stock sales by Roberts.

The SEC said at the time that Roberts ordered the issuance of faxes that misrepresented the development of the Phantom console and predicted a 3,000% increase in the price of the firm's stock.

Settlement

Roberts settled with the agency in 2008 without admitting any wrongdoing. He was ordered to pay $30,000 and was barred from serving as the head of a public company for five years.

Roberts’ last major venture was Savtira, a company that attracted significant attention in Florida business and media circles with its plans to launch an online e-commerce platform for merchants. The firm was founded in 2010.

In April 2012 Savtira filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, only to be forced into Chapter 7 in July of that year. The firm declared bankruptcy amid an investigation by the Labor Department into unpaid wages and lawsuits filed by some of its vendors. At the time, Roberts blamed "greedy investors and some ex-employees" for the company's problems, according to the Tampa Bay Times.

Now, Savtira – and Roberts, who served as HashingSpace's CEO and chairman of the board – are at the center of twin legal efforts being pursued by the Justice Department and the SEC.

Federal prosecutors unsealed a six-count indictment against Roberts and HashingSpace’s former CFO, Terrance Taylor, on 9th September. The same day, the SEC filed a suit against Roberts, Taylor and Craig Constantinou, a Savtira investor, alleging that the three defrauded the now-defunct firm's investors by misrepresenting its health and valuation.

Roberts and Taylor resigned from HashingSpace on 8th September, according to a recent SEC filing.

Blockchain hosting play

In an interview conducted on 2nd September, Roberts said HashingSpace planned to use its bitcoin mining activities as a means to capitalize on the rising interest in blockchain applications, which he argued would require reliable hosting services.

“We’re going to use our bitcoin mining as a catalyst to generate revenues and profits so we can build out our blockchain enterprise hosting,” he said.

The company, in a public relations push beginning in mid-July, announced the launch of its own P2Pool mining pool and its plans to build new data center space in the state of Washington and launch a bitcoin wallet service.

Washington State HashingSpace announced plans to build new data center space in the state of Washington.

Further, HashingSpace rebranded the cloud mining system of Genesis Mining, connecting customers to that firm’s mining service. It also bought a bitcoin ATM from Lamassu, under the HashingSpace banner.

HashingSpace registered as a money services business with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network on 25th August, according to the agency’s registration database.

Roberts said that despite early stumbles – he acknowledged he and his team had run into pitfalls while building out their mining capacity – HashingSpace was on track to begin expanding its current capabilities. Roberts said at the time that the company had 100 S4 units running in three different facilities.

Once built, he said, the data center space will be used for hosting bitcoin miners, offering cloud-based contracts, as well as offering transaction verification for companies using using non-bitcoin blockchains.

Amid the company’s public relations push, the firm’s publicly traded stock – ticker name HSHS – saw a massive price swing from less than $0.25 on 5th June to more than $6 on 29th July. By 5th August, the price had fallen to its June lows, and at press time, a single share of HSHS is trading for around $0.03, according to data from Google.

When asked about the price moves, Roberts said in the interview:

“It’s a new stock and it lacks support. Having a stock is no different than selling a consumer product. You've got to get new shareholders to know about the company and support it.”

On the subject of past controversies, Roberts suggested that media reports were not entirely accurate, stating that "if you knew the story behind it, you’d have a different perspective than what you read on the Internet".

"I go to bed every day with a clean head and no guilty conscience," Roberts said. "Every business I have started has been with good intensions and unfortunately, as an entrepreneur, the odds are against you."

Fraud allegations

The resignations of Roberts and Taylor from HashingSpace were prompted by the unsealing of the charges – one count of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and five charges of wire fraud – and the restrictions, he said in an email, that the suit would result in.

“The resignation from HashingSpace was part of this due to knowing we would be forced into pre-trial restrictions that would hamper our ability to run the company,” he said.

According to the Justice Department, Roberts and Taylor – who served as Savtira's EVP of finance – allegedly misled investors by lying about the viabiliy of its e-commerce development and the overall health of hte firm.

The Justice Department said on 10th Septembern:

“The indictment alleges that Roberts and Taylor made false claims in their marketing of Savtira to potential investors. They maintained that the company was profitable; the company had entered into executed agreements with nationally recognized legitimate technology firms; the company owned patents; and/or that the company was valued between $450 million and $540 million.”

Roberts, who according to court records was arrested and later released on $25,000 bond, said he was “blindsided” by the suit.

“We have a very defensible case and look forward to having to the opportunity to respond to these frivolous and exaggerated allegations," he said. The law firm representing Taylor, The Suarez Law Firm of Tampa, Florida, was not immediately available for comment.

The SEC's complaint, filed in the US District Court for the Middle District of Florida, alleged that Roberts and Taylor sold unregistered shares of Savtira and used a flawed investment bank valuation to pitch the company to investors. The agency also said that Roberts failed to disclose his earlier run-in with the SEC when selling the securities.

“Roberts and Taylor described Savtira, in both marketing materials and presentations to investors, as a highly-valued enterprise with patented technology and hundreds of millions of dollars in projected revenues. In reality, however, Savtira was insolvent and had minimal revenues,” the agency said in a press release earlier this month.

The SEC is seeking to bar Roberts and Taylor from serving as officers of a public company in the future, as well as federal penalties and disgorgement of any illict gains.

The US government has also sought to prevent Roberts from selling or transfering shares in companies he has a stake in, including HashingSpace. The court previously said that Roberts was not allowed to solicit funds from investors as part of the conditions of his release.

In a 16th September court filing, defense attorney David T. Weisbrod asked that Roberts be allowed to sell or transfer shares of HashingSpace stock as well as shares in another venture, StationDigital. Roberts served as CEO of the music streaming service before resigning in June of last year. Taylor served as StationDigital's CFO before resigning last September, according to court documents.

In the request, Weisbrod said that the sale of HashingSpace shares would enable the firm "to attempt to bring in a new majority shareholder by selling the shares which Mr Roberts currently owns".

"This could be done without any input from Mr Roberts," Weisbrod wrote. He said the StationDigital shares would be gifted to family members, who may then potentially sell those shares in order to provide financial support to Roberts or loan them to him.

US Attorney A. Lee Bentley responded in an 18th September filing by asking the court to deny this request "because [Roberts'] statements about his ventures have consistently been inaccurate and the government would maintain intentionally misleading".

"No investor can safely rely on Mr Roberts to accurately represent the value of any stock for which he is involved in fundraising, which is or until recently was the case with HashingSpace and Station Digital," the filing read.

HashingSpace’s future

Where does this leave HashingSpace? Roberts said he couldn’t comment on how the charges against him will impact HashingSpace’s future.

“I hope for the best since a lot of hard work was put in by many," he said.

A recent SEC filing suggests the company is still moving ahead despite the resignations. According to a 17th September filing, HashingSpace has tapped a new chairman of the board.

Multiple phone calls to HashingSpace’s listed office in Los Angeles were not returned by press time, nor was an online representative available. An automated message stated that the company’s office was closed when reached over the course of this week.

The website for CloudHash.net, HashingSpace’s cloud mining service, was also not accessible at press time.

Amid the US government's action against Roberts and Taylor, Genesis Mining has put its relationship with HashingSpace on hold.

“Until the situation with HashingSpace is fully resolved and obligations fulfilled we have put our services for them on hold. We are all waiting for more clarity in the current situation," Genesis Mining CEO Marco Streng told Bitcoin News.

When asked whether customers who had purchased contracts through HashingSpace would still have access to that hashing power, Streng said this is "entirely up to HashingSpace”.

In early August, HashingSpace announced it was working with Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP attorney Marco Santori. Santori declined to comment when asked whether this relationship was still active.

Representatives for architectural firm Ross & Baruzzini, contractor C. Rallo Contracting Co. Inc., law firm Kane Kessler and real estate service Newmark Cornish and Carey – firms identified through press releases as involved in HashingSpace's plans to build and operate data center space – were not available for comment when reached.

Fraud image and Washington image via Shutterstock

FraudHashingSpace

Mike Tyson: I'm Grateful to be Part of the Bitcoin Revolution

Mike Tyson says he is grateful to be part of the "bitcoin revolution", though he admits he's "no guru" just yet.

The ex-heavyweight champion of the world spoke with Bitcoin News prior to the launch of his first branded bitcoin ATM in Las Vegas yesterday morning.

Positioned inside The Linq hotel and casino, the Lamassu machine has been billed as Tyson's "George Foreman grill" – and bitcoin's bridge into popular culture.

Many have accused the digital currency of having a branding problem, with Silk Road and Mt Gox still raw, but Tyson disagrees. The issue isn't so much about branding, he says, as education.

"People don't really understand a currency based on numerical equations. I personally still don't ... but I'm grateful to be a part of the revolution and hoping that my participation in this space will lead to more conversations and help increase knowledge and awareness."

"In no way do I profess to be any kind of bitcoin currency guru. It just seems very interesting and I'm intrigued with the possibilities," he added.

Getting change

The machine, which promises cash-to-bitcoin faster than the controversial boxer's knockout record, joins six others in Sin City.

Bitcoin Direct is planning 100 more machines. Profits will be an "even split" between Tyson and Bitcoin Direct, according to the company's CEO, Peter Klamka. He told the launch crowd:

"Mike is a universally known boxer and celebrity whose fan base extends across a broad demographic. People around the world of all ages recognise him."

Bitcoin Direct came under fire when the partnership was first announced in July. Pundits speculated the announcement could be a scam at Tyson's expense, noting the patchy Internet trail of Klamka's other firm, OTC stock Bitcoin Brands Inc.

Clearly, Tyson hasn't been put off. He says he already knew about the currency prior to meeting Klamka, drawn in by the idea of having options beyond the banking system. "Options are a principal of democracy."

This also applies to those excluded from the banking system, or those that don't necessarily want or feel as though they have need to a bank account, he said. Though he's not swapping all his dollars for crypto just yet:

"Just because I'm intrigued by bitcoin doesn't mean that I have vowed off banks, nor am I encouraging anyone else to do so either."

Click below to view a gallery of pictures from the launch.

Mike Tyson Bitcoin ATM Launch

Images via Denise Truscello, Getty Images

ATMsLamassuLas VegasMike Tyson

Thursday, September 24, 2015

Bitcoin Processor BitPay Reduces Staff in Cost-Cutting Effort

BitPay has reduced the size of its staff in an effort to "reduce costs" and "better align with the pace of growth" in the industry, according to an email sent by CEO Stephen Pair to the firm's employees earlier today.

The confirmation of staff reductions at the troubled bitcoin payments processor follows speculation, rumors and a report by bitcoin news source Qntra that BitPay employees were seen leaving its Atlanta office following layoffs.

Pair's email, entitled "Important Company Announcement" and sent to the entire company, suggests the move may have been taken with little prior notice to employees, as he indicated his belief the day would be "emotional" for those involved. The email was provided to Bitcoin News by a source close to the firm.

Sources close to the company suggest upwards of 20 full-time employees and contractors may have been laid off.

The email reads:

"I urge everyone to be professional and considerate and not allow the emotion of the day to get the better of you. It saddens me to have to deliver this news as it has been an honor to get to know each and every one of you and my privilege to work with you. And I know [executive chairman] Tony [Gallippi] feels the same way."

Pair continued the email by suggesting employees affected by the staff reduction would be provided support during their job search, and that they would receive references from the company. Sources suggest some are already meeting with other industry employers.

"For those with positions not eliminated, we will have a meeting to discuss the road ahead later today," the email concluded.

The layoffs come one day after BitPay announced it would shelve its "free and unlimited" introductory offer for new merchants.

As part of the plan, new merchants on its Starter Plan will now pay a 1% fee after the first 30 transactions they process each month. The pricing structure contrasts with rival Coinbase, which charges 0% processing fees on the first $1m its merchant clients transact.

BitPay has so far raised $32.5m through three funding rounds and boasts investors including AME Cloud Ventures, Founders Fund, RRE Ventures and angel investors including Ashton Kutcher, Ben Davenport and Roger Ver.

BitPay representatives did not immediately respond to requests for further comment.

Stan Higgins contributed reporting.

Disclaimer: Bitcoin News founder Shakil Khan is an investor in BitPay.

BitPay

World Economic Forum Survey Projects Blockchain 'Tipping Point' by 2023

The World Economic Forum (WEF) has identified blockchain technology as one of its six mega-trends in a new report broadly aimed at outlining the expected transition to a more digital and connected world.

Compiled by the WEF's Global Agenda Council on the Future of Software and Society, the report included the results of a survey of more than 800 information and communications executives and experts. Perhaps most notable among the poll's findings is that those surveyed believe the "tipping point" for government use of the blockchain will occur by 2023.

For purposes of the survey, blockchain technology was broadly defined as "an emerging technology [that] replaces the need for third-party institutions to provide trust for financial, contract and voting activities".

In turn, the survey suggested bitcoin and the blockchain would reach a "tipping point", or a point at which it becomes broadly adopted, by 2027. Respondents were given a range of potential responses to survey questions, which included the ability to respond with answers such as "it has already happened", it will happen in "20+ years" or it will "never" happen.

Of the respondents, 73.1% reported by that taxes would first be collected using a blockchain by 2025, while 57.9% affirmed they believe 10% of global gross domestic product (GDP) would be stored on a blockchain by this time. By comparison, 91.2% of survey-takers indicated 10% of people would wear clothes connected to the Internet by that year.

The WEF also indicated that, should blockchain technology become mainstream, it would be likely that the traditional role of government and institutions would need to be reimagined, writing:

"Economic and monetary management will be overhauled by new systems anchored in digital currencies and the blockchain, making traditional pricing mechanisms and exchange rate systems less relevant."

Founded in 1971, the WEF is a 600-person independent international organization dedicated to improving the world through collaborations between the public and private sector. As part of its mandate, it holds an annual meeting on politics, economics and social issues.

Bitcoin and the blockchain

While 58% of survey-takers expect bitcoin and the blockchain to hit mainstream, accounting for 10% of global GDP, by 2025, WEF forecasted the expected date as 2027.

"Currently, the total worth of bitcoin in the blockchain is around $20bn, or about 0.025% of global GDP of around $80tn," the report read.

The report went on to list the positive benefits of such a transition, which included:

  • An explosion in tradable assets, as all kinds of value exchange can be hosted on the blockchain
  • Better property records in emerging markets, and the ability to make everything a tradable asset
  • Contacts and legal services increasingly tied to code linked to the blockchain, to be used as unbreakable escrow or programmatically designed smart contracts
  • Disintermediation of financial institutions, as new services and value exchanges are created directly on the blockchain
  • Increased financial inclusion in emerging markets, as financial services on the blockchain gain critical mass
  • Increased transparency, as the blockchain is essentially a global ledger storing all transactions.

Smart contracts were further used as an example of the technology, as the report described how the the blockchain can allow two parties to create complex contracts without a middleman.

The process of creating "self-executing contractual states", it continued, could eliminate the risk that comes from a reliance on third parties.

Governments and the blockchain

The WEF notably projected that governments would begin leveraging the blockchain sooner than the mainstream public, with this expected transition occurring by 2023.

By 2025, 73% of respondents expected this to occur.

"The blockchain creates both opportunities and challenges for countries," the report read. "On the one hand, it is unregulated and not overseen by any central bank, meaning less control over monetary policy. On the other hand, it creates the ability for new taxing mechanisms to be built into the blockchain itself (eg a small transaction tax)."

The report suggested there were potential drawbacks to blockchain-based government systems, including an undermining of central bank and monetary policy, corruption, real-time taxation and changes to the role of government.

Of note is that government experiments with blockchain technology are already underway, with the Isle of Man's Department of Economic Development announcing plans for a trial in May.

For more insights, read the full "Deep Shift: Technology Tipping Points and Societal Impact" report.

Image credit: Gil C / Shutterstock.com

Blockchain Technology

Liberty Reserve Founder Loses Bid to Dismiss Federal Indictment

A US district judge has denied a motion by the one of the founders of early digital currency firm Liberty Reserve to dismiss a federal indictment filed two years ago.

According to court documents, Arthur Budovsky asked the judge to waive the indictment on multiple grounds in June, raising questions about whether the firm, based in Costa Rica, was required to register as a money services businesses and whether bitcoin qualifies as "funds".

US District Judge Denise Cote of the Southern District of New York rejected Budovsky's motion, which will set the stage for Budovsky to head to trial.

Budovsky was arrested in May 2013 and charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering, conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmission business and the operation of an unlicensed money transmission business.

Liberty Reserve was a payment network that allowed users to exchange a digital currency called LR. The federal government has said that Liberty Reserve enabled billions of dollars in funds to be transferred worldwide without mandated controls or identification protocols.

The company has since featured prominently in discussions regarding bitcoin regarding, especially by law enforcement officials.

Other former employees of Liberty Reserve, including one of its co-founders and its IT manager, have plead guilty to similar charges.

The full court order can be found below:

Budovsky Court Order

Court room image via Shutterstock

CrimeLawLiberty Reserve

BitFury Reveals New Details About $100 Million Bitcoin Mine

BitFury will invest $100m in building a 100MW bitcoin mining data centre in Georgia, according to a new report by local news source Agenda.

To be built in the country's capital city of Tbilisi, the data centre will be the bitcoin transaction processor's second in the Eurasian nation, complementing a 20MW data centre based in Gori.

The data centre was first announced in July, following the news BitFury had raised $20m in venture capital to both build the facility and complete a roll out of its 28nm bitcoin mining ASIC. While construction of the facility began in early August, the company did not specify whether the $100m would be invested wholly in construction or if this figure would also include operational costs.

The data centre will be built on 185,000 square miles of land set aside by the Georgian National Agency of State Property to create a "special technology zone" with the goal of attracting international technology firms, the news source said.

In statements, BitFury's official representative in Georgia, Eprem Urumashvili, expanded on the benefits he believes the data centre will provide as part of this effort.

Urumashvili said:

"Georgia will have three main benefits – a $100m USD investment, to bring modern information technologies into the country and to be added to the innovative technologies world map."

According to the report, the data centre will house bitcoin miners containing BitFury's 28nm and soon-to-be-released 16nm ASIC chips. BitFury announced in September that it had completed the tape-out for the 16nm chips, which achieve energy efficiency of 0.06 joules per gigahash.

BitFury had previously suggested its 16nm chips could be deployed in a new data centre in North America, though it is not clear if this announcement will impact this potential plan.

However, the move may not be surprising as the company has local ties to Georgia.

Notably, CEO Valery Vavilov has indicated that the head of BitFury's data centre construction department owns his own firm in Georgia. Further, the Georgian Co-Investment Fund, an investment firm dedicated to strategic funding in the region, has also participated in all three of BitFury's $20m venture rounds.

BitFury did not immediately respond to requests for further information.

Fiber-optic cables image via Shutterstock

BitFuryEuropeMining

CFTC Settles Charges Against Bitcoin Swaps Shop TeraExchange

The US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has settled charges it filed today against New Jersey-based bitcoin swap execution facility (SEF) TeraExchange.

The charges stem from a non-deliverable forward contract executed on 8th October on TeraExchange, which is provisionally registered as a SEF. The transaction took place under the active guidance of TeraExchange, without any associated trading fees or collateral requirements, the agency said.

According to the CFTC, these actions constitute wash trading and prearranged trading in violation of the Commodity Exchange Act.

Press materials from the time indicate that one of the parties was Australian bitcoin mining firm DigitalBTC, whereas the other was an unidentified "hedging counterparty".

The exchange facilitated the prearranged transaction and then went on to "[create] the impression of actual trading interest in the Bitcoin swap" in a 9th October press release," according to the CFTC.

"Neither Tera's press release nor the statements at the Global Markets Advisory Committee (GMAC) meeting indicated that the October 8 transactions were pre-arranged wash sales executed for the purpose of testing Tera’s systems,” the agency said in a press release.

This, the agency said, was different from a situation in which an exchange would openly declare that it was testing its systems, stating in its order:

"These facts should be distinguished from a situation where a SEF or other designated contract market runs pre-operational test trades to confirm that its systems are technically capable of executing transactions and, to the extent that these simulated transactions become publicly known, makes it clear to the public that the trades do not represent actual liquidity in the subject market."

The CFTC has ordered TeraExchange to refrain from further violations of the Commodity Exchange Act.

The move comes shortly after the CFTC settled charges against bitcoin options trading platform Coinflip. In that same ruling, the agency stated that, under its interpretation of the law, bitcoin and digital currencies are commodities.

TeraExchange did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The full CFTC order can be found below:

CFTC Docket No. 15-33

US capitol building image via Shutterstock

CFTCDerivativesRegulationTeraExchange

The 11 Biggest Crypto Funding Rounds So Far in 2015

This month has seen a flurry of funding announcements from various crypto companies, injecting an additional $40m of venture capital to the space.

Blockchain technology startup Chain – the most notable raise of the month so far – closed a $30m funding round with support from companies including Visa.

With bitcoin's total venture capital to date standing at $914.94m and rivalling that of the early internet, Bitcoin News has taken a look at the biggest crypto funding rounds that have taken place so far in 2015.

 

Dollars image via Shutterstock

Funding

Naughty America Re-Integrates Bitcoin Payments After Hiatus

Adult entertainment provider Naughty America is once again accepting bitcoin, after the currency vanished from its checkout over a year ago.

The payment option's reappearance was uncovered by Reddit user Logical007 early this morning, however the company has been quiet on both the return and its timing.

As before, Naughty America – which operates a network of 45 sites – is accepting payment through merchant processor BitPay. One month's subscription in the currency is $29.95 – 20% higher than Naughty America's credit card option. Annually, bitcoin users would pay over $48 more than those paying by card.

The currency gained traction early last year with a number of adult entertainment sites, including Playboy Plus, Hustler and Porn.com, adding support for membership and premium access.

"I think it will become an industry-wide thing within 45 to 60 days ... Naughty America really sets the bar for where the industry heads," Naughty America CEO Andreas Hronopoulos told Bitcoin News at the time.

While pundits suggested porn could do for bitcoin what it did for the early Internet, the news comes at a lull in the industry. MindGeek – the company behind the biggest trafficked adult sites including YouPorn and PornHub – has yet to roll out bitcoin beyond Playboy Plus and IKnowThatGirl.com.

Like the majority of bitcoin-accepting brands, Porn.com said an initial 50% surge in sales had tapered off to 10% the following month. While bitcoin's core demographic might be on board, it appears mainstream consumers still don't see a compelling reason to use the currency.

MindGeek and Naughty America did not responded to requests for comment by the time of publication.

BitPayMerchantsNaughty AmericaPornPorn.com

Wednesday, September 23, 2015

BitPay Cuts 'Free and Unlimited' Bitcoin Processing for New Merchants

BitPay will no longer offer its "free and unlimited" introductory service to new merchants looking to accept bitcoin as payment.

First introduced in July 2014, the plan sought to help the startup reach its goal of enrolling 1 million merchants by 2017.

At the time, executive chairman Tony Gallippi described the plan as "free and unlimited", stating that such a pricing scheme would continue "forever" in a bid to entice merchants to the platform.

The announcement marks a break from the 0% transaction fee model BitPay has sought to market since late 2013 when it introduced a Professional Plan, Business Plan and Enterprise Plan for customers.

In statements, Gallippi framed the shift as one that would be unlikely to affect small merchants accepting payment via the service.

Gallippi said:

"The new Starter Plan will remain free for up to $1,000 daily and 30 transactions per month, giving many small businesses more than enough access to our platform for their needs."

Further, he downplayed the idea the change would have a substantial impact on customers, adding that "nearly all merchants" processing enough transactions chose to upgrade to a paid subscription package.

Starter Plan customers who process more than 30 transactions a month, the company said, would be charged a 1% fee on additional transactions. Likewise, subscribers to the company's Business Plan aimed at enterprise users will now be charged a 1% fee based on use, rather than a $300 recurring monthly cost.

"The new plan will lower the risk of experimenting with bitcoin acceptance for mid-sized businesses, while enabling our team to better focus on Business Plan merchants," a blog post stated.

The pricing change, the company said, was made following improvements to the platform including a new payments dashboard and upgraded refund and invoice adjustment tool.

Enterprise Plan customers, in turn, will see no changes to their contract pricing model.

Disclaimer: Bitcoin News founder Shakil Khan is an investor in BitPay.

Merchant image via Shutterstock

BitPayMerchants

Charlie Shrem Talks Prison Life and Bitcoin's Future in Ongoing AMA

Former BitInstant CEO and Bitcoin Foundation board member Charlie Shrem is now conducting an ongoing ask-me-anything (AMA) session from Lewisburg Federal Prison Camp in Pennsylvania.

Shrem, who was arrested in early 2014 for violating anti-money laundering laws while at his bitcoin exchange startup, began serving a two-year prison sentence earlier this March. Since then, the always-outspoken advocate for the technology has been silent on new developments in the industry.

However, in the ongoing AMA, hosted by Bitcoin.com, Shrem opened up about a range of topics including the ongoing debate over bitcoin's block size, adjusting to prison life and why he believes the transparent nature of the bitcoin blockchain will lead to more repressive government regulation.

Shrem spoke at length about why he believes government will eventually lead to the creation of three classes of bitcoin: white bitcoins, those that meet regulatory requirements; gray bitcoins, those that have not been identified by the government; and black bitcoins that are blocked by the bitcoin mining network.

Shrem wrote:

"If the government is able to discover that you possess black bitcoins or process blacklisted transactions, you could even be seen as a someone committing a crime. Eventually Bitcoin will become a fast payment system without counterparty risk but with full government control. Is that what we really want?"

Elsewhere, he weighed in on the ongoing debate about how bitcoin should be changed to process greater transaction volumes, calling on the community to avoid "leaving things as is".

"One of the most important strengths bitcoin has is its ability to adapt and now is the time to do it," Shrem said, adding that he hopes to start or join a bitcoin company when he is eventually released from incarceration.

Further, he discussed the events that led to his sentencing, calling his actions "irresponsible". "I don't blame anyone but myself and every day I think about all the people I let down," he added.

Shrem indicated he plans to answer questions every weekday from 18:30 BST to 20:30 BST, and more regularly on the weekends.

Personal life

Shrem also spoke about his personal life behind bars, reporting that he's already read 70 books while serving as a general education development (GED) teacher for other inmates.

"I take classes about life, lifestyle balance, rational thinking, living with others, yoga and others. I cook a lot, workout every day, walk or run on the track and play sports," he wrote.

On the subject of education, Shrem also reported to teaching inmates about bitcoin, including the more nuanced areas of the technology such as sidechains and alternative distributed ledgers such as Ripple.

"Many people here even owned bitcoin before they came in," he said. "We have a lot of programmers here, finance guys, doctors and economists."

Shrem said he is also teaching himself Spanish and that he hopes to spend time outside of the US when he is eventually released.

Prison image via Shutterstock

BitInstantCharlie ShremCrimeRegulation

Bitcoin on the Dark Web: The Facts

Bitcoin has been the de facto currency of the Dark Web – the 'hidden' Internet accessible only by Tor – since the pioneering marketplace Silk Road, the 'eBay of drugs', arrived in 2011.

But just how much do we know about these new underground economies? Who is buying and selling – and what? Here's what available data can tell us about bitcoin on the Dark Web.

Featured image © Alex Verdaguer/Energy Control

Data AnalysisDrugsRoss UlbrichtSilk Road

KeepKey Launches New Bitcoin Hardware Wallet

keepkey wallet

KeepKey's new USB bitcoin wallet has gone on sale, enabling consumers to store their bitcoins offline.

The wallet, which is on sale for $239, allows users to overcome the security problems that come with storing bitcoin on a computer or using third-party custodians.

Speaking about the new product, Ken Heutmaker, a software engineer at KeepKey, said:

“The KeepKey security model was designed to ensure that the user always has complete control over their private keys. We feel that relying on trusted third parties degrades the security and privacy that the bitcoin ecosystem offers."

How does it work

To set up the KeepKey wallet, users need to install a Google Chrome extension on their browser.

Once the device is plugged into a computer, the user's machine will prompt them to insert a pin number, which will have to be re-entered before every transaction takes place.

KeepKey's wallet then displays the user's private key on its screen. This, however, will only be shown once so users are advised to write the recovery sentence down and store it in a safe place.

When spending bitcoin online, the user will see the KeepKey software pop-up on screen and automatically populate the transaction details.

After inserting the pin number, the device will sign the transaction before automatically broadcasting it to the bitcoin network.

KeepKey

Competition

KeepKey's product is one of many bitcoin hardware wallets available to consumers.

Ledger's Nano, which retails for €34.80 ($38.76), is a multisig bitcoin wallet which can also be plugged into a computer's USB port. Speaking to Bitcoin News at the time of launch, the team behind the affordable device claimed their product was almost immune to hacking attacks.

Developed by SatoshiLabs, the Trezor hardware wallet, priced at $99, also enables users to bypass third-party bitcoin storage services.

New York-based bitcoin hardware wallet provider Case – which has raised $2.25 million in seed funding to date – also offers a $199 device for pre-order, which includes security features such as biometric authentication.

Hardware WalletsKeepKey

Tuesday, September 22, 2015

Barry Silbert: Private Blockchains Will 'Capitulate' to Bitcoin

Barry Silbert, digital currency groupWall Street is increasingly expressing an enthusiasm for applications of bitcoin and blockchain technology, but according to venture capitalist Barry Silbert, the attention of the traditional financial community has so far fallen on its more problematic implementations.

Most of his investments, Silbert explained, have been on what he considers its the two most prominent of its three use cases, as a store of value and a payments rail.

"I didn't expect the ledger would be embraced first," he said in a new interview.

Silbert told Bitcoin News:

"I'm surprised they honed in on that first. A private federated blockchain doesn't solve any major problems and ultimately I don't have a high level of optimism it's going to succeed. I'm surprised they haven't figured that out yet and I'm surprised they are doing that first."

The founder of Digital Currency Group (DCG), Silbert has so far invested in 56 companies in the bitcoin and blockchain space, with the full list of names spanning 19 of the 26 letters of the alphabet. One of the industry's earliest investors, Silbert has also been one of technology's most vocal evangelists, launching an over-the-counter (OTC) trading desk (Genesis Trading) and a private investment vehicle Bitcoin Investment Trust (managed by Grayscale Investments).

The new comments come amid a spike in interest in use cases for the blockchain, the distributed ledger system underpinning the bitcoin network. However, this has coincided with increasing attention to private blockchains and distributed ledger systems such as those being offered by startups such as Digital Asset Holdings, Eris Ltd and R3CEV.

Such blockchain products are primarily aimed at helping banks better facilitate information flows through shared databases and as a way to settle and clear transactions. Still, Silbert doesn't believe it's any weakness in the technology that will hold back such attempts. Rather, he believes the open-source nature of bitcoin makes it a superior solution.

"The rail is working today ... whereas these ideas around federated blockchain, anytime you put two banks in a room, let alone nine, it's a setup for a disaster or a long process," Silbert said, hinting at the recent partnership between R3CEV and nine major banks.

Federated blockchain projects, as described in the book Digital Gold by New York Times journalist Nathaniel Popper, attempt to replace bitcoin's distributed network with a system of proprietary computers that process transactions.

"What will likely happen is there will be a lot of interest, a lot of discussion, and I think you'll see some money get deployed, but they will capitulate and shift their attention back to the bitcoin blockchain or some decentralized blockchain solution," he continued.

The remarks come as part of the first wide-ranging interview between the investor and Bitcoin News in which he spoke at length of the changing dynamics of the bitcoin ecosystem.

Scalability concerns

One of the most notable of Silbert's remarks was his characterization of the bitcoin network as one that, while struggling to come to consensus on issues such as the size of transaction blocks, is more reliable in its governance than any alternatives.

Despite the diversity of opinions in the bitcoin community, most recently on display at the Scaling Bitcoin conference in Montreal, he said the open source community has shown it is capable of solving hard problems and advancing the network.

"The reason they're looking to do these private blockchains because they have concerns about bitcoin's security or reliability," Silbert said. "Those will all get addressed by time, as these groups come up with a solution."

When asked whether DCG intended to increase its support financially for developers in the face of these concerns, Silbert cited his ongoing support of industry think tank Coin Center while expressing an overall optimism about the robustness of the development community.

"We invest in and we build companies," Silbert said. "We don't have on-staff developers at the DCG level to commit or test code. It's not the role we play, but I think it's very important."

He suggested that he would consider ways to support development that fall within the scope of its role in the industry, adding: "I think the pressure should create some opportunity to financially support core development."

Speculation and greed

Silbert further addressed comments made at the American Banker Digital Currencies + the Blockchain Conference this July, in which he appealed to the audience that one of bitcoin's central strengths was that it provided holders with a financial incentive to support the network.

Rather than characterizing the statements as part of a wider branding pitch for the industry, he suggested that greed and speculation are simply a reality of how the system works, one that has historically served the network well by increasing adoption and promoting evangelization.

"Many people involved in bitcoin today got their first exposure to it through the expectation and the hope that they would buy it and that the price would go up," he continued. "What I have seen is the people who do that tend to become avid readers and followers of the space, they tend to start to understand the opportunity that exists for bitcoin as a rail and ledger system."

He framed bitcoin's increase to a peak above $1,000 as a positive instigator of change, suggesting that there are now "five times" the bitcoin owners because of the market activity, and that this event bolstered the ability of firms such as Coinbase and Circle to obtain investment.

However, Silbert suggested that he believes another similar price increase would likely be needed for wider adoption in the future. Greed and speculation, he said, could be viewed as positives provided they result in more liquidity in the market.

"All of the great things that bitcoin can be, all of that is not possible unless the money supply, the amount of bitcoin in circulation is much higher and the trading in and out of currencies is more common," he said, adding:

"You can create real issues for Western Union but it's not possible with [the price of] bitcoin at $230."

Over time, he said, the market will need to create incentivizes for users to join that go beyond "the wealth effect". These included having merchants offer reduced prices for bitcoin.

Long-term view

In 10 years, however, Silbert doesn't believe bitcoin's low value relative to fiat currencies will continue to be an issue.

"What I do know is that with Wall Street's awareness in blockchain as a first step and the amount of money that is being deployed in trading strategies, it will not take a lot of that money moving into bitcoin to create positive price momentum," he continued.

As for how consumers will interact with bitcoin, and whether they will know that their use of certain products would create demand in the digital currency's markets, Silbert was less clear.

"One the currency store of value side of things you know you have bitcoin exposure, on the rail you may or may not know, on the ledger you won't know," he said.

Silbert suggested he believes more companies using bitcoin as a means to send money would begin moving the currency to the background of the user interface. The statement follows public decisions by bitcoin services provider Circle and social tipping network ChangeTip to follow such a strategy.

He expects bitcoin would likely be front-and-center for investors using the technology as a scarce commodity akin to gold, a use case he still feels is among of the more compelling.

"We will get to a point in time where ... you'll hold some portion of their wealth in bitcoin similarly to gold. For people in emerging markets, in my opinion, it's better than gold because it has utility," he continued.

Cautious market

Silbert also spoke about how he believes recent trends in VC funding don't speak to any larger conclusions about the technology. Just because use cases for bitcoin as a currency or payments rail may not be getting investment attention today, he said, that doesn't mean investors aren't watching.

However, he did suggest that investors are taking their time, allowing winners who can prove they can navigate the current challenging market to emerge.

"I wouldn't take that and believe there's not a significant amount of interest in the space, just because there haven't been announcements recently," he said. "There's a lot of interest in things other than blockchain for Wall Street."

Silbert also indicated that much of this attention is now focused on areas where market leaders haven't emerged. For example, he cited BitPay's processing service and Coinbase's wallet offering as products with enough traction to ensure that the companies behind them were unlikely to be displaced.

"The area's most interesting to VCs are going to be the 2.0 apps, the Abras of the world, and teams like Blythe Masters' team [at Digital Asset Holdings], entrepreneurs with big markets looking to solve big problems," he continued.

Immediate opportunities

In regards for the health of its startups, DCG suggested that it has amassed data on how to determine whether its companies' strategies are working, and that this is guiding strategy.

This includes assessing positive growth rates, how much money firms should expect to earn off customers, the onboarding cost for these customers and the places globally it feels represent the biggest opportunities for the technology.

Elsewhere, he said DCG is looking at use cases of the bitcoin blockchain for settlement, attempting to "understand who the players are and what they're looking to achieve".

Still, he said that he feels like creative products that leverage the strength of the bitcoin network are first and foremost on the radar.

"We are spending more time looking at businesses like Abra that are building products on top of what's been built that wouldn't have been possible before," he continued. "Then we're also looking at unique use cases of the bitcoin blockchain, Filament, non-financial applications of the bitcoin ledger system."

Citing DCG's investment in Ripple Labs, he also suggested investments in companies providing alternative ledgers wasn't "out of the question".

He concluded:

"I've never been more confident about bitcoin's leadership position, but we're interested and excited about up-and-coming technologies and approaches. We're not a fund, we're a company."

Disclaimer: Digital Currency Group is an investor in Bitcoin News.

Barry SilbertDigital Currency Group